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As a means of recording the passage of
time, the
17th Century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700 in the
Gregorian calendar.
The 17th Century falls into the
Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement and the
Scientific Revolution, including the contributions of Galileo Galilei, René Descartes,
Blaise Pascal,
Isaac Newton; Europe was torn by warfare throughout the century, by the
Thirty Years' War, the
Great Turkish War and the English Civil War among others, while
European colonization of the Americas began in earnest.
Tokugawa Ieyasu is the founder of Japan last shogunate, which lasted well into the 19th century.In the east, the 17th Century saw the flowering of the
Ottoman Empire and Mughal empires, the beginning of the
Edo period in feudal Japan, and the violent transition from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty in China.
Events
1600s
and
Xu Guangqi in the Chinese published version of
Euclid's Elements.
- 1600- Michael the Brave became for less than 6 months the first ruler of all three Romanian provinces: Walachia, Transylvania and Moldavia; British East India Company was chartered; Charles I of England born to James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark.
- 1601: The Elizabethan Poor Law (1601) appoints HI parishes as administrators of poverty relief; Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex executed on a count of treason; Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought.
- 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age.
- 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England; Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate which lasts until 1868.
- 1603-1623: After modernizing his army, Abbas I of Safavid expands Persian Empire by capturing territory from the Ottoman Empire and the Portugal.
- 1604: James I of England meets the Puritans at the Hampton Court Conference, but eventually demands compliance with all Thirty-Nine Articles, and bans Jesuits.
- 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England.
- 1607: The London Company establishes the Jamestown Settlement in North America, precipitating the British colonization of the Americas.
- 1607: For the first time, Euclid's Elements (幾何原本) is translated into Chinese language by the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci and the Chinese mathematician Xu Guangqi (徐光启).
- 1608: Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (present-day Canada).
- 1609: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria establishes the Catholic League (German).
1620s
-
1625), by
Gian Lorenzo Bernini is considered one of the masterpieces of the century.
1640s
1650s
1660s
1670s
1680s
1690s
Significant people
- Elizabeth I of England (1533 - 1603)
- Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 - 1616)
- Francis Bacon (philosopher), English philosopher and politician (1561-1626)
- William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 - 1616)
- Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (1564 - 1642)
- James I of England (1566 - 1625)
- Seathrún Céitinn, Irish historian (ca. 1569 - ca. 1644)
- Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (1571 - 1630)
- John Donne, English Metaphysical Poetry (1572 - 1631)
- Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 - 1616)
- William Harvey, medical doctor (1578 – 1657)
- Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (1580-1629)
- Albrecht von Wallenstein, Catholic German general in the Thirty Years' War (1583 - 1634)
- Miyamoto Musashi, famous warrior in Japan, author of 'The Book of Five Rings,' a treatise on strategy and martial combat (1584 - 1645)
- Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first opera ever (1567 - 1643)
- Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 - 1642)
- Xu Xiake, Chinese geographer (1587-1641)
- Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (1588 - 1679)
- Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Monarch of Sweden (1594-1632)
- René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 - 1650)
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian artist (1598 - 1680)
- Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1599 - 1658)
- Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599-1660)
- Charles I of England (1600 - 1649)
- Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 - 1650)
- Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist (1600 - 1681)
- Pierre de Fermat, French lawyer and mathematician 1601 – 1665
- Anne of Austria, Queen consort and regent of France (1601 - 1666)
- Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602 - 1661)
- Abel Janszoon Tasman, Dutch seafarer and explorer (1603 - 1659)
- Sir Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (1605-1682)
- Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (1606 - 1669)
- Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (1606 - 1684)
- Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (1587-1666)
- Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (1607 - 1676)
- John Milton, English author and poet (1608 - 1674)
- Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (1608 - 1681)
- Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh, Irish historian and genealogist (d.1671)
- André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (1613 - 1700)
- Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist (1616 - 1664)
- Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (1621 - 1675)
- Jean de La Fontaine, French poet (1621 - 1695)
- Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (1622 - 1673)
- Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 - 1662)
- Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 - 1689)
- Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 - 1712)
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan (1669 - 1732)
- Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 - 1695)
- John III Sobieski, King of Poland, King of Poland (1629 - 1696)
- Shivaji, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj (1630-1680)
- Charles II of England (1630 - 1685)
- John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (1631 - 1700)
- Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter (1632 - 1675)
- Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 - 1677)
- Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (1632 - 1687)
- John Locke, English philosopher (1632 - 1704)
- James II of England (1633 - 1701)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (1633 - 1703)
- Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV (1635 - 1719)
- Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (1636 - 1711)
- Louis XIV of France, King of France (1638 - 1715)
- Jean Racine, French dramatist (1639 - 1699)
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Emperor (1640 - 1705)
- Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, lover of Louis XIV (1641 - 1707)
- Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 - 1727)
- Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 - 1716)
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (1647 - 1680)
- William III of England (1650 - 1702)
- Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary (1657 - 1705)
- Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 - 1695)
- Mary II of England (1662 - 1694)
- Peter I of Russia, Russian tsar (1672 - 1725)
- Abraham Darby I, English Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace (1678 – 1717)
- Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(1685-1750)
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Timeline of invention#17th centuryMajor changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the
Scientific revolution.
- Banknotes reintroduced in Europe.
- Ice cream
- Tea and Coffeehouse become popular in Europe.
- Banking in France and Finance by Scottish economist John Law (economist)
- 1604: Supernova SN 1604 is observed in the Milky Way
- 1605: Johannes Kepler starts investigating Kepler's laws of planetary motion of planets
- 1608: Hans Lippershey constructs a refracting telescope, the first for which sufficient evidence exists
- 1609: Johann Carolas of Germany publishes the 'Relation', the first newspaper
- 1610: The Orion Nebula is identified by Nicolas de Peiresc of France
- 1610: Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius observe Jupiter's Galilean Moons
- 1611: King James Version or 'Authorized Version' first published
- c. 1612: The first flintlock musket likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith Marin de Bourgeoys
- 1614: John Napier introduces the logarithm to simplify calculations
- 1620: Cornelius Drebbei, funded by James I of England of England, builds the first 'submarine' made of wood and greased leather
- 1623: The first English dictonary, 'English Dictionarie' is published by Henry Cockeram, listing difficult words with definitions
- 1628: William Harvey publishes and elucidates his earlier discovery of the Systemic circulation
- 1637: Dutch Bible published
- 1637: Teatro San Cassiano, the first public opera house, opened in Venice
- 1637: Pierre de Fermat formulates his so-called Fermat's Last Theorem, unsolved until 1995
- 1637: Although Chinese naval mines were earlier described in the 14th century Huolongjing, the Tian Gong Kai Wu book of Ming Dynasty scholar Song Yingxing describes naval mines wrapped in a lacquer bag and ignited by an ambusher pulling a rip cord on the nearby shore that triggers a steel-wheel flint mechanism.
- 1642: Blaise Pascal builds an early mechanical Pascal's calculator for addition and subtraction
- 1642: Mezzotint engraving introduces grey tones to printed images
- 1643: Evangelista Torricelli of Italy invents the mercury barometer
- 1645: Giacomo Torelli of Venice, Italy invents the first rotating stage
- 1651: Giovanni Battista Riccioli renames the Lunar mare
- 1656: Christiaan Huygens describes the true shape of the rings of Saturn
- 1657: Christiaan Huygens develops the first functional pendulum clock based on the learnings of Galileo Galilei
- 1659: Christiaan Huygens first to observe surface details of Mars
- 1663: The first reflecting telescope is built by James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician) based on suggestions of Italian astronomer Niccolo Zucchi
- c. 1670: Monk Dom Pérignon (person) discovers Champagne (wine) in France
- 1676: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovers Bacteria
- 1676: First measurement of the speed of light
- 1679: Binary numeral system developed by Gottfried Leibnitz, possibly influenced by Shao Yong
- 1684: Calculus independently developed by both Gottfried Leibnitz and Sir Issac Newton and used to formulate classical mechanics
References
Decades and years
As a means of recording the passage of
time, the
17th Century was that
century which lasted from
1601-
1700 in the Gregorian calendar.
The 17th Century falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement and the
Scientific Revolution, including the contributions of
Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Isaac Newton; Europe was torn by warfare throughout the century, by the Thirty Years' War, the Great Turkish War and the
English Civil War among others, while European colonization of the Americas began in earnest.
Tokugawa Ieyasu is the founder of Japan last shogunate, which lasted well into the 19th century.In the east, the 17th Century saw the flowering of the Ottoman Empire and Mughal empires, the beginning of the Edo period in feudal Japan, and the violent transition from the
Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty in China.
Events
1600s
and Xu Guangqi in the Chinese published version of
Euclid's Elements.
- 1600- Michael the Brave became for less than 6 months the first ruler of all three Romanian provinces: Walachia, Transylvania and Moldavia; British East India Company was chartered; Charles I of England born to James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark.
- 1601: The Elizabethan Poor Law (1601) appoints HI parishes as administrators of poverty relief; Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex executed on a count of treason; Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought.
- 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age.
- 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England; Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate which lasts until 1868.
- 1603-1623: After modernizing his army, Abbas I of Safavid expands Persian Empire by capturing territory from the Ottoman Empire and the Portugal.
- 1604: James I of England meets the Puritans at the Hampton Court Conference, but eventually demands compliance with all Thirty-Nine Articles, and bans Jesuits.
- 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England.
- 1607: The London Company establishes the Jamestown Settlement in North America, precipitating the British colonization of the Americas.
- 1607: For the first time, Euclid's Elements (幾何原本) is translated into Chinese language by the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci and the Chinese mathematician Xu Guangqi (徐光启).
- 1608: Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (present-day Canada).
- 1609: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria establishes the Catholic League (German).
1620s
-1625), by
Gian Lorenzo Bernini is considered one of the masterpieces of the century.
1640s
- 1640: King Charles was compelled to summon Parliament due to the revolt of the Scots.
- 1640-1668: The Portuguese Restoration War led to the end of the Iberian Union.
- 1640: Torture is outlawed in England.
- 1641: The Tokugawa Shogunate institutes Sakoku- foreigners are expelled and no one is allowed to enter or leave Japan.
- 1642: Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman achieves the first recorded European sighting of New Zealand.
- 1642-1649: Civil War in England; Charles I is beheaded by Cromwell
- 1644: The Manchu conquer China ending the Ming Dynasty. The subsequent Qing Dynasty rules until 1912.
- 1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers.
- 1648-1653: Fronde civil war in France.
- 1648-1667: The Deluge (Polish history) wars leave Poland in ruins.
- 1648-1669: The Ottoman Empire captures Crete from the Republic of Venice after the Siege of Candia.
1650s
1660s
1670s
- 1670: The Hudson's Bay Company is founded in Canada.
- 1672-1678: Franco-Dutch War
- 1674: Maratha Empire founded in India by Shivaji.
- 1676: Russia and the Ottoman Empire commence the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681).
1680s
1690s
Significant people
- Elizabeth I of England (1533 - 1603)
- Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 - 1616)
- Francis Bacon (philosopher), English philosopher and politician (1561-1626)
- William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 - 1616)
- Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (1564 - 1642)
- James I of England (1566 - 1625)
- Seathrún Céitinn, Irish historian (ca. 1569 - ca. 1644)
- Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (1571 - 1630)
- John Donne, English Metaphysical Poetry (1572 - 1631)
- Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 - 1616)
- William Harvey, medical doctor (1578 – 1657)
- Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (1580-1629)
- Albrecht von Wallenstein, Catholic German general in the Thirty Years' War (1583 - 1634)
- Miyamoto Musashi, famous warrior in Japan, author of 'The Book of Five Rings,' a treatise on strategy and martial combat (1584 - 1645)
- Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first opera ever (1567 - 1643)
- Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 - 1642)
- Xu Xiake, Chinese geographer (1587-1641)
- Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (1588 - 1679)
- Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Monarch of Sweden (1594-1632)
- René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 - 1650)
- Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian artist (1598 - 1680)
- Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1599 - 1658)
- Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599-1660)
- Charles I of England (1600 - 1649)
- Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 - 1650)
- Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist (1600 - 1681)
- Pierre de Fermat, French lawyer and mathematician 1601 – 1665
- Anne of Austria, Queen consort and regent of France (1601 - 1666)
- Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602 - 1661)
- Abel Janszoon Tasman, Dutch seafarer and explorer (1603 - 1659)
- Sir Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (1605-1682)
- Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (1606 - 1669)
- Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (1606 - 1684)
- Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (1587-1666)
- Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (1607 - 1676)
- John Milton, English author and poet (1608 - 1674)
- Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (1608 - 1681)
- Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh, Irish historian and genealogist (d.1671)
- André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (1613 - 1700)
- Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist (1616 - 1664)
- Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (1621 - 1675)
- Jean de La Fontaine, French poet (1621 - 1695)
- Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (1622 - 1673)
- Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 - 1662)
- Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 - 1689)
- Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 - 1712)
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan (1669 - 1732)
- Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 - 1695)
- John III Sobieski, King of Poland, King of Poland (1629 - 1696)
- Shivaji, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj (1630-1680)
- Charles II of England (1630 - 1685)
- John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (1631 - 1700)
- Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter (1632 - 1675)
- Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 - 1677)
- Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (1632 - 1687)
- John Locke, English philosopher (1632 - 1704)
- James II of England (1633 - 1701)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (1633 - 1703)
- Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV (1635 - 1719)
- Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (1636 - 1711)
- Louis XIV of France, King of France (1638 - 1715)
- Jean Racine, French dramatist (1639 - 1699)
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Emperor (1640 - 1705)
- Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, lover of Louis XIV (1641 - 1707)
- Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 - 1727)
- Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 - 1716)
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (1647 - 1680)
- William III of England (1650 - 1702)
- Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary (1657 - 1705)
- Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 - 1695)
- Mary II of England (1662 - 1694)
- Peter I of Russia, Russian tsar (1672 - 1725)
- Abraham Darby I, English Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace (1678 – 1717)
- Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(1685-1750)
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Timeline of invention#17th centuryMajor changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the
Scientific revolution.
- Banknotes reintroduced in Europe.
- Ice cream
- Tea and Coffeehouse become popular in Europe.
- Banking in France and Finance by Scottish economist John Law (economist)
- 1604: Supernova SN 1604 is observed in the Milky Way
- 1605: Johannes Kepler starts investigating Kepler's laws of planetary motion of planets
- 1608: Hans Lippershey constructs a refracting telescope, the first for which sufficient evidence exists
- 1609: Johann Carolas of Germany publishes the 'Relation', the first newspaper
- 1610: The Orion Nebula is identified by Nicolas de Peiresc of France
- 1610: Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius observe Jupiter's Galilean Moons
- 1611: King James Version or 'Authorized Version' first published
- c. 1612: The first flintlock musket likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith Marin de Bourgeoys
- 1614: John Napier introduces the logarithm to simplify calculations
- 1620: Cornelius Drebbei, funded by James I of England of England, builds the first 'submarine' made of wood and greased leather
- 1623: The first English dictonary, 'English Dictionarie' is published by Henry Cockeram, listing difficult words with definitions
- 1628: William Harvey publishes and elucidates his earlier discovery of the Systemic circulation
- 1637: Dutch Bible published
- 1637: Teatro San Cassiano, the first public opera house, opened in Venice
- 1637: Pierre de Fermat formulates his so-called Fermat's Last Theorem, unsolved until 1995
- 1637: Although Chinese naval mines were earlier described in the 14th century Huolongjing, the Tian Gong Kai Wu book of Ming Dynasty scholar Song Yingxing describes naval mines wrapped in a lacquer bag and ignited by an ambusher pulling a rip cord on the nearby shore that triggers a steel-wheel flint mechanism.
- 1642: Blaise Pascal builds an early mechanical Pascal's calculator for addition and subtraction
- 1642: Mezzotint engraving introduces grey tones to printed images
- 1643: Evangelista Torricelli of Italy invents the mercury barometer
- 1645: Giacomo Torelli of Venice, Italy invents the first rotating stage
- 1651: Giovanni Battista Riccioli renames the Lunar mare
- 1656: Christiaan Huygens describes the true shape of the rings of Saturn
- 1657: Christiaan Huygens develops the first functional pendulum clock based on the learnings of Galileo Galilei
- 1659: Christiaan Huygens first to observe surface details of Mars
- 1663: The first reflecting telescope is built by James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician) based on suggestions of Italian astronomer Niccolo Zucchi
- c. 1670: Monk Dom Pérignon (person) discovers Champagne (wine) in France
- 1676: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovers Bacteria
- 1676: First measurement of the speed of light
- 1679: Binary numeral system developed by Gottfried Leibnitz, possibly influenced by Shao Yong
- 1684: Calculus independently developed by both Gottfried Leibnitz and Sir Issac Newton and used to formulate classical mechanics
References
Decades and years
17th Century London
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17th century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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17th Century
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17th Century Listed Cottage - Near Hay-on-Wye
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DR31230 - 17TH CENTURY NEO-CLASSICAL FRENCH AND ENGLISH RESTORATION ...
Module Identifier: DR31230 : Module Title: 17TH CENTURY NEO-CLASSICAL FRENCH AND ENGLISH RESTORATION THEATRE : Academic Year: 2008/2009 : Co-ordinator: Dr Patricia A Rhodes